论企业本质、公司治理与财务会计理论的契合:资本保全视角

基于企业本质从价值角度描述为财务资本、人力资本、组织资本与社会资本的一个不完全契约组合,公司治理就是保证这一契约组合有效执行的制度安排,而现代财务会计在理论与实践上更接近于公司治理.本文利用资本保全概念将企业本质、公司治理与财务会计理论整合为一个完整的理论框架.     

国有商业银行改革所面临的困难及改进措施

随着加入WTO后金融领域的逐步开放和外资银行的大批涌入 ,国有商业银行的改革和创新日益紧迫 ,而影响国有商业银行发展和竞争力的根本因素依然存在 ,如资本严重不足、治理结构及经营机制不完善、经营环境不健全等。要解决这些问题 ,不仅需要商业银行本身加大改革力度 ,大胆进行制度创新 ,建立法人治理结构 ,还需要国家有关部门在宏观调控和具体政策上为国有商业银行营造有力的政策和市场环境。     

Corporate Governance: Factors Influencing Voluntary Disclosure by Publicly Traded Canadian Firms*

We report on the comprehensiveness of voluntary corporate governance disclosures in the annual reports and management information circulars of Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) firms. We focus on disclosure of the corporate governance practices implemented by our sample of TSE 300 firms vis‐à‐vis the 14 guidelines set out in the TSE's report on corporate governance Where Were the Directors? Our analysis indicates that only a very few firms disclose that they have fully implemented the TSE guidelines, and that the extent of disclosure of corporate governance practices implemented varies widely among the firms. We then test factors associated with the comprehensiveness of such disclosures and the choice of disclosure medium using simultaneous equations multivariate analysis. We also assess the influence of publicized corporate governance failures on disclosure. Overall, our results suggest that the choices of disclosure medium and the extent of disclosure are made concurrently, and are influenced by the strategic considerations of management.     

Antecedents and consequences of corporate governance reform: the case of Germany

The paper examines the antecedents and consequences of the voluntary adoption of corporate governance reform in firms embedded in a relationship‐based governance system with less protection of minority shareholders. In such locations, ownership structure should be a key determinant of governance reform. Firms with dispersed ownership are likely to face agency problems but may lack sufficient ownership power in the hand of external owners for adoption to occur. Extensive ownership by external parties facilitates adoption but decreases the need and motivation to adopt governance reform. We examined the adoption of stock‐based incentive plans and transparent accounting regulations (e.g., greater disclosure to shareholders) among large German firms (DAX 100) during the late 1990s. We found an inverse ‘U’‐shaped relationship between ownership concentration and governance reform. In addition, we found that firms adopting governance reform were more likely to engage in corporate divestitures and achieve higher levels of market performance than firms not adopting governance reform. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Does the cost of capital differ across countries? An agency perspective*

In this keynote speech, I ask the question: Does the cost of capital differ for firms located in different countries? I argue that there are two ways to look at the cost of capital. First, there is the neoclassical perspective, which assumes that there are no agency problems. In integrated markets, the neoclassical cost of capital is the same in every country. Second, there is the agency perspective. Agency costs increase the cost of capital understood as the expected rate of return necessary for an investment to leave the value of the firm unaffected. Adjusting the cost of capital for agency costs, I argue that it differs across countries because of differences in corporate governance. I then provide a comparison of the agency-adjusted cost of capital between Japan and the US.     

国有商业银行上市后面临的挑战及对策

国有商业银行上市的目的是为了逐步实现市场化经营,促进国有商业银行改善经营管理,提高业务发展质量,最终实现可持续发展。但能否实现可持续发展,要从实际市场化运营中加以衡量。本文简要分析了国有商业银行上市带来的积极影响,同时也指出了其面临的提高经营绩效、增强经营透明度和股市多变对稳健经营等带来的一系列挑战。鉴于此,作者提出了从转变经营理念、完善公司治理结构、提高全面风险管理能力、强化资产负债管理、实现信贷业务均衡有效发展等方面,加强各项发展要素的整合,从不同层面提高可持续发展水平和国际竞争能力;同时,积极推进相关配套的外部环境建设。     

商业银行公司治理机制的发展趋势研究

公司治理机制是现代公司制度的基本架构。从公司制度诞生至今,良好的公司治理机制始终和公司的健康运行密切相关。由于商业银行区别于一般公司的特殊性,构建良好的公司治理机制一直是国际银行业所关注的焦点。本文从公司治理机制的理论和制度两个层面分析商业银行公司治理机制的发展趋势,并探讨这种变化趋势对中国商业银行公司治理改革的借鉴意义。作者认为商业银行应当按照国际会计准则提高信息披露的质量,利用市场竞争的力量来改善公司治理机制,注重外部审计和内部审计力量的结合,注重法律在公司治理机制中的作用,实现商业银行激励与约束机制的创新。     

中国证券市场年报补丁公司特征研究

在上市公司午报披露之后，屡屡可见公司对年报的各类补充公告与更正公告（即年报补丁），年报朴丁不仅受到媒体的强烈抨击，也为监管部门所关注。本文选取发布2001～2003年年报补丁的公司作为研究样本，并分年度、行业、公司规模选取配对样本，考察补丁公司的经济特征，研究表明，相对配对样本而言，补丁公司的业绩较差，公目的总资产增长较快，较少设置审计委员会，且审计质量较差。     

创业企业资本融资:相机治理的研究视角

由于创业企业的信息不对称,易产生逆向选择,导致创业资本市场低效率,因此创业企业融资难众所周知。本文从相机治理的角度,通过一套制度安排,实现了创业投资家对创业企业家的激励与约束,成功地解决了创业投资家与创业企业家之间的委托代理问题,使创业企业获得了创业资本的支持。     

价值链空间形态演变下的治理模式研究--以集成电路(IC)产业为例

伴随经济发展、市场变化、技术演进，价值链的分离与整合在不同空间尺度中上演。其组织形态发生了巨大的变化，相应的其治理模式也随之改变。本文首先界定了价值链治理的概念，分析了价值链层级型、市场型、网络型、半层级型治理模式的特点。然后从独特的空间视角，研究价值链的形态演变，以及与其形态变化相对应的治理模式的改变。并以集成电路产业（以下简称IC产业）为例．系统地分析了IC产业价值链治理模式变化的过程．